英语习语所用设喻形象对比趣谈

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论文字数:**** 论文编号:lw202349567 日期:2023-12-07 来源:论文网
汉语中习语#22823;致指人们习惯使用的成语典故,#24341;语,俗语,歇后语#21644;谚语等的集合体; 英语中的习语大 致可以包括一些 proverbs,sayings, colloquial phrases, allusions,一些idioms和slangs。
  通#36807;对英汉习语对比学习,#25105;们不仅能了解不同文化#20013;语言的民族性特色,而且能#20174;不同的设喻形象中获 得乐趣,觉#24471;这样的学习不是苦差事,并且还能#20351;记忆深刻,理解到位,#20351;用地道,甚至对英汉互译也有帮助 。
  笔者本着趣味性和使用性的原#21017;,试着从一个hay stack 中找出几根 needle来,算管中窥豹吧,#20197;下从四 个方面#20030;例说明。
一.英汉习#35821;所用设喻相似而意义相近的
  Great minds think alike.英雄#25152;见略同;
  Courtesy costs nothing.礼多人不怪;
  Lovers' quarrels are soon mended.夫妻无隔#22812;仇;
  The higher up, the greater the fall. 攀高跌重:
  know something like the palm or back of one's hand 了如指掌;
  constant dropping wears the stone 滴水穿#30707;;
  fish in troubled water 混水摸鱼;
  Great oaks from little acorns grow. 合#25265;之木,生于毫末;
  pour oil on the flame 火上加#27833;;
  Give somebody an inch and he'll take an mile. 得寸进尺;
  lie down on the job. 磨洋#24037;;
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁;
  Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳;
  The tailor makes the man. 人靠衣服#39532;靠鞍;
  a yes man #24212;声虫(跟屁虫);
  at one's wit's end #25165;穷智尽;
  hang by a thread 千钧一发#65307;
  plain sailing 一#24070;风顺;
follow in sb's footsteps 步#20154;后尘;
  bite off more than one can chew 贪#22810;嚼不烂;
  The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. 心#26377;余而力不足;
  wash one's hands of 洗手不干;
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 情人眼里出西施;
  run sb. to earth 钻入地缝也要抓到某人;
  skin deep 肤浅。
  以上此类由于设喻形象#30456;似,因而最容易掌握,我们平#26102;学习中要注意积累。
二.英汉习语所用设喻形#35937;各异,意义却相近的
When a man is going downhill, everyone will give him apush. 墙倒众人推#65307;
silken tongue 巧舌#22914;簧;
  a flash in the pan 昙花一现;
  don't cry over spilt milk 生米已成熟饭;
  put all one's eggs in one basket. 孤注#19968;掷;
hold a wolf by the ears #39569;虎难下;
  between the devil and the deep sea 进退维谷;
  kick the bucket 翘辫子,蹬腿儿#65288;死了);
  The longest day must have an end. 世#19978;没有不散的宴席;
like a rat in the hole 瓮#20013;捉鳖;
A good conscience is a soft pillow. #30333;天不做亏心事;半夜#19981;怕鬼敲门;
  birds of a feather 物以类聚,人以群分(#19968;丘之貉);
  You can't judge a tree by its bark.人不可貌相,海#27700;不可斗量;
All is fish that comes to one's net. 抓到篮里便是菜#65307;
  cherish a snake in one's bosom 养虎为患;
  diamond cut diamond 棋逢#23545;手,将遇良才,(#25110;针尖对麦芒);
  New brooms sweep clean.新官上任三把火;
  It never rains but it pours. 祸不单行;
  hit the nail on the head 一#38024;见血;
  apple of one's eye 掌#19978;明珠; 转#36148;于 免费论文下载#20013;心
a lion in the way 拦路虎;
  The pot calls the kettle black. 乌鸦笑#29482;黑(五十步笑一百#27493;);
  bury one's head in the sand 掩耳盗铃;
out of the frying pan into the fire 刚出虎穴,又入#29436;窝;
  eat one's cake and have it 又要马儿跑,#21448;要马儿不吃草;
  cast pearls before a swine 对牛弹琴;
  put the cart before the horse #26412;末倒置;
  a black sheep 害群之马#65307;
  wet behind the ears 乳#33261;未干;
  rob Peter to pay Paul 挖肉补疮#65307;
  penny wise and pound foolish 捡了芝麻,丢#20102;西瓜;
have a card up one's sleeve 胸有成竹;
sit on the fence 脚踩两只船(随风倒);
  cry wolf 烽火戏诸侯;
  entertain an angel unawares 有眼不识泰山;
  teach one's grandmother how to suck eggs 班门弄#26023;(关公门前耍大刀);
  You can't make an omelet without breaking eggs. 巧妇难#20026;无米之炊;
  as bold as brass 脸如城墙厚#65307;
  use a sledge hammer to crack a nut 杀鸡用牛刀(高射#28846;打蚊子);
  throw in the towel 拱手认负;
  bury the hatchet #25569;手言和;
  Don't cross the bridge till you come to it. 车到山前#24517;有路,船到桥头自然直;
  live in a fool's paradise 做黄梁美梦;
  place all one's cards on the table 打开天窗说亮#35805;;
  play second fiddle 唱#37197;角;
  stab sb in the back #25918;冷箭;
  a blessing in disguise 塞翁失马,安知非福;
  Don't count the chicken before they're hatched. 不要揭锅太早。
  以上此类#25910;集较多是因为趣味#24615;强。在对比学习的同时,我们#19981;禁为不同文化中语言的民族特#33394;而深深打 #21160;。
三.英汉习#35821;所用设喻形象相似而不可望文生#20041;的
  pull one's leg,指开玩笑而#19981;是拉后腿的意思;
  child's play,指简单容易而#19981;是视同儿戏的意思#65307;
  strange bedfellows,指萍水相逢而#19981;是同床异梦的意思;
in the same boat,指处于困境而不是同舟#20849;济的意思;
  to be 'touch and go'指危险处境而不#26159;一触即发的意思;
  Once bitten, twice shy, 指一回上当两回乖#65288;有积极含义)而不是#19968;朝被蛇咬十年怕井绳(#26377;消极的 含义)#30340;意思;
  throw a sprat to catch a whale, 指舍小利而#27714;大利而不是抛砖引玉#30340;意思;
  one's hair stands on end,指恐惧而#19981;是怒发冲冠的意思。
  此类属于不可望#25991;生义者,我们学习#26102;要倍加注意。
四.英汉习语所用设喻形象相似而#24847;义却恰恰相反的
like a fish out of water#65292;与如鱼得水意义相反;
Many a good cow hath a bad calf,#19982;虎父无犬子意义相反#65307;
  cry stinking fish,与王婆卖#29916;意义相反; Hard words breakno bones,与恶语伤人六月#23506;意义相反 。
  此类情形不#22810;,不过在使用时我们可以“反其道#32780;行之。”
  结尾我们#38656;要强调两点。 一是上#25991;列举的英汉习语的#23545;应并非“exactly the equivalent of each oth er#8221;,所以我们需要根据上下文仔细揣#25705;,找出其细微差别,方能理解到位#65292;使用起来才能避免词不#36798;意。二 #26159;本文强调了英汉习语设喻形象对照#65292;目的是让学习者感兴趣和#26131;于记忆,阅读英文原著时,也许我#20204;更经常 见到的#26159;这些英语习语的变体#65307;翻译时我们大都使用它#20204;的比喻义,而不是一见面就直译#36807;来。 免费论文下载中心
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