【关键词】 前列腺肿瘤
关键词: 前列腺肿瘤;CD44;基因;免疫组织化学
摘 要:目的 探讨转移相关基因CD44v6在前列腺癌中的表达及意义. 方法 以免疫组化S-P法对67例前列腺癌标本进行染色及分析. 结果 CD44v6在前列腺癌中有较高的表达,阳性率为41.8%(28/67).其中无转移者阳性率为16.0%(4/25),有淋巴结或远处转移者阳性率57.1%(24/42),两者比较差异有显著性(P&<0.01)CD44v6阳性表达与前列腺癌分化程度(r=0.463,P&<0.05)及临床分期(r=0.412,P&<0.05)相关显著.CD44v6阳性的前列腺癌患者术后生存期显著低于阴性患者(9.5%vs39.3%,P&<0.05). 结论 CD44v6阳性表达与前列腺癌的发生、发展及预后有关.
Keywords:prostatic neoplasms;CD44;genes;immunohis-tochemistry
Abstract:AIM To evaluate the expression of metastasis as-sociated gene CD44v6in prostate cancer tissue and its signifi┐cance.METHODS The expression of CD44v6in67human prostate cancer specimens was studied by immunohis-tochemical S-P technique.RESULTS The positive rate of CD44v6was41.8%(28/67).The positive staining was high-er in metastasis patients(57.1%)than in patients without metastasis(16.0%)of prostate cancer(P&<0.01).The ex-pression of CD44v6was correlated with cell grade(r=0.463,P&<0.05)and clinical stage(r=0.412,P&<0.05)of the tumour.The life expectancy of CD44v6positive staining patients with prostate cancer was shorter than that of CD44v6negative patients(9.5%vs39.3,P&<0.05).CONCLUSION The expression of CD44v6gene is possibly related to the carcinogenesis,progress and prognosis of prostate cancer.
0 引言
肿瘤细胞表面的粘附分子在肿瘤的转移及扩散中起决定性作用.CD44是分布极广的跨膜糖蛋白,属粘附分子家族[1,2] .研究表明,CD44变异体CD44v6表达的增多与前列腺癌的发生及转移密切相关[3] .我们采用免疫组化S-P法对前列腺增生及前列腺癌进行检测,以探讨CD44v6的表达与前列腺癌生物学行为的关系.
1 材料和方法
1.1 材料 前列腺癌67例,前列腺增生组织40例均取自于本区所属医院的手术切除,40g・L-1 甲醛固定,石腊包埋标本.前列腺癌患者年龄47~86(平均71±5)岁.其中临床A期9例,B期15例,C期10例,D期33例;高分化腺癌20例,低分化31例,未分化16例.有盆腔或远处转移42例,无转移25例.所有治疗方法相近(均接受前列腺癌根治及去势手术)的病例中,49例获随访并取得完整的临床资料.另取11例正常前列腺组织(自愿尸肾捐献者)作正常对照.鼠抗人CD44v6单克隆抗体及S-P试剂盒均为Biotech公司产品.
1.2 方法 石腊切片4μm常规脱蜡至水,30mL・L-1 h3 O2 溶剂室温下孵育30min以灭活内源性过氧化物酶,250W微波炉30min行抗原修复,冷却后加50mL・L-1 山羊血清封闭30min,倾出血清,加CD44v6mAb(体积比1∶50)37℃孵育1h,PBS振洗后滴加生物素化二抗(体积比1∶100)37℃孵育30min PBS振洗后加辣根酶标记的链霉卵白素(1∶100)37℃10min,PBS振洗,DAB显色,脱水、透明封片后镜检.以已知乳腺癌切片为阳性对照,PBS取代一抗为阴性对照,取正常前列腺组织作正常对照,光镜下胞膜黄染为阳性细胞,选择10个有代表性的高倍视野,阳性细胞数超过10%为阳性表达,少于10%定为阴性.组间比较采用χ2 检验.
2 结果
CD44v6在前列腺增生及正常前列腺组织中无阳性表达,在前列腺癌中可见不同程度的表达,其阳性染色定位于细胞膜,无胞质染色(Fig1).
2.1 CD44v6与前列腺癌分级和分期 在67例前列腺癌中CD44v6阳性表达28例,阳性率为41.8%其中高分化腺癌CD44v6阳性5例,低分化腺癌阳性14例,未分化腺癌阳性9例,其阳性率分别为25.0%,45.2%和56.3%.前列腺高分化腺癌的CD44v6阳性表达率与未分化腺癌相比较差异有显著性(P&<0.05,t=2.441).CD44v6阳性表达在前列腺癌临床分期中(Whitmore分期),A期的阳性率为11.1%(1/9),B期阳性率13.3%(2/15),C期阳性率40.0%(4/10),D期阳性率63.6%(21/33)A期和D期阳性率比较差异有显著性(P&<0.05,t=2.659,Fig2).
2.2 CD44v6与肿瘤转移及预后 在67例前列腺癌患者中,42例有盆腔淋巴结或远处脏器转移,其CD44v6阳性表达24例,阳性率57.1%,25例无转移者CD44v6阳性表达4例,阳性率为16.0%,两者相比较差异有显著性(P&<0.01,t=3.628).49例治疗方法相同并获完整随访资料的前列腺癌患中,CD44v6阳性表达者5a生存率为9.5%(2/21),而阴性表达的患者5a生存率为39.3%(11/28),两者比较有显著性差异(P&<0.05,t=2.542).
3 讨论
人类CD44基因位于11号染色体短臂上,由10个组成型外显子(CD44s)和10个变异型外显子(CD44v)组成
[4-6] .CD44v是V区变异型拼接外显子,可拼接形成长短不一的转录子进而翻译成结构不同的蛋白质[7] .研究表明,CD44v6具有介导淋巴细胞与血管内皮的结合,使淋巴细胞通过血管壁返回淋巴组织,即归巢受体.CD44v6阳性癌细胞通过模仿 激活的淋巴细胞获得转移能力,与血管或淋巴管某些配体结合形成转移癌灶[8-12] . 图1 - 图2 略
本研究结果显示CD44v6在前列腺癌中的阳性表达率为76.1%,与国外文献报道相近.而前列腺增生及正常前列腺组织无阳性表达.随着病理分级及临床分期的上升,CD44v6表达的阳性率逐渐增高,表明CD44v6蛋白与前列腺癌的发生及分化关系密切.其阳性表达的患者生存期明显低于阴性的前列腺癌病人.提示CD44v6有可能成为评估前列腺癌患者的临床分期和病理分级以及预后的新型瘤标,但对CD44基因的变异体CD44v的基础研究尚不成熟,有待于进一步研究.淋巴结转移是前列腺癌扩散的重要途径之一[13,14] ,本组结果显示,有盆腔或远处转移的前列腺癌CD44v6阳性表达率明显高于无转移者,表明CD44v6与前列腺癌的转移明显相关,CD44v6赋于前列腺癌细胞模拟循环淋巴细胞形成的功能,进而向淋巴结转移,形成转移癌灶[15] .41例前列腺增生无CD44v6阳性表达,说明其非为癌前病变,不具备侵袭能力.
根据本结果,我们建议对CD44v6阳性表达的前列腺癌患者,加大术后内分泌治疗及放化疗的力度,适当延长和增加治疗时间与剂量,严密随访,以获得较长的术后生存期.
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