作者:王桂红, 赵海波,辛晓燕
【关键词】 卵巢滤泡
【Abstract】 AIM: To investigate whether stem cell factor (SCF) exists in human follicular fluid (FF) and its effects on the development of ovarian follicles. METHODS: Enzyme-linked immunosobent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the levels of SCF in the serum and in FF obtained during oocyte pick-up (Opu) in 30 in vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo transfer (ET) cases, which were pided into three groups: high response group, moderate response group and low response group. RESULTS: ① SCF levels in FF were significantly higher than those of matched serum levels during Opu [(514±67) ng・L-1, (395±49) ng・L-1, respectively, P &<0.05]; ② There were no significant changes of serum SCF level before and after superovulation (P &>0.05). ③ While no significant difference of the SCF levels in FF was found in the high response group and moderate response group [(564±64)ng・L-1,(532±55)ng・L-1,respectively], significant difference was found between the above two groups and low response group [(352±78)ng・L-1, P &<0.01] and the levels were positively correlated with the number of developing follicles (r=0.412, P &<0.05). CONCLUSION: SCF is produced by developing follicle itself and not permeated from the blood and it may play a complementary role in the regulation of follicle development.
【Keywords】 stem cell factor ; ovarian follicle; follicular fluid
【摘要】 目的: 探讨人卵泡液中是否存在干细胞因子(SCF)及其与卵泡发育的关系.方法: 采用夹心ELISA方法检测30例进行体外受精胚胎移植(IVFET)患者超促排卵前、取卵时血清与卵泡液中SCF的水平.结果: ① 取卵时卵泡液中SCF水平(514±67)ng・L1,显著高于同期血清水平(395±49) ng・L1,差别有显著性(P &<0.05);② 取卵时血清中SCF水平与超促排卵前血清中SCF水平相比,差别无显著性[(395±49)ng・L1,(374±36)ng・L1,P &>0.05]; ③ 高、中反应型组卵泡中SCF水平[(564±64)ng・L1,(532±55)ng・L1]与低反应型(352±78)ng・L1相比,差别有显著性(P &<0.01),且与卵泡发育数目之间呈正相关(r=0.412,P &<0.05).结论: 卵泡液中SCF 可能来自于卵泡本身,而非血浆渗透.SCF参与人卵泡发育的调控.
【关键词】 干细胞因子;卵巢滤泡;卵泡液
0引言
卵泡的生长主要靠促性腺激素的刺激,近年来,愈来愈多的证据表明,除促性腺激素以外,卵巢局部产生的其他诸多因子如卵巢多肽等也参与调节卵泡的发育过程[13].干细胞因子(SCF)属多肽类物质,是酪氨酸激酶受体的配体,具有促进细胞增殖和分化的作用[4].动物实验表明,SCF能够促进卵泡发育,对优势卵泡生长有积极的影响[5],且与其受体CKIT结合后,在卵母细胞生长中也起一定作用[6].但关于SCF与人卵泡发育之间关系的研究很少, 我们就此进行了探讨.
1对象和方法
1.1对象选择200106/200204在西京医院妇产科因输卵管阻塞而进行体外受精胚胎移植(IVFET)的患者30例,年龄25~39岁,基础体温双相,内分泌化验正常,抗精子抗体阴性.超排卵方案应用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRHα)/人类绝经期促性腺激素(hMG)/绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)长方案方法.
1.2方法
1.2.1标本采集① 血清:每位患者于前1个月经周期的第21日GnRHα喷鼻之前及超促排卵后取卵时分别采取静脉血5 mL,离心取血清.血清置-80℃保存待测.② 卵泡液:按西京医院常规阴道B超监测下取卵,只留取平均直径18 mm以上清亮、无血染的卵泡液,离心后取上清液-80℃冻存.
1.2.2SCF测定采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)方法测定SCF水平[7,8].试剂由美国ChemikineTM公司提供,敏感度:10.8 ng・L1,测定范围:15.6 ng・L1~1000 ng・L1,板内变异系数6.8%,板间变异系数10.0%.
1.2.3卵巢反应类型按取卵时平均直径在14 mm以上的卵泡数目不同分为卵巢低、中、高3种反应类型,即低反应型卵泡数小于等于3个、中反应型卵泡数4~13个、高反应型卵泡数大于等于14个[9]. 且各反应类型间经统计学均衡性检验,年龄、身体健康方面均无差别(P&>005).
2结果
2.1取卵时卵泡液SCF水平与同期血清比较 卵泡液中SCF水平与同期血清水平相比,差异有显著性(P&<0.05);高、中反应型两组卵泡液SCF水平与同期血清相比,差异有显著性(P&<0.05);低反应型卵泡液SCF水平与同期血清水平相近,差别无显著性(P&>0.05);3种卵巢反应类型中高、中反应型卵泡液SCF水平高于低反应型,差别显著(P&<0.01),且卵泡液SCF水平与卵泡数之间存在正相关关系(r=0.412,经检验tr=3355, P&<0.05, Tab 1).
表1取卵时卵泡液SCF与同期血清水平的比较(略)
Tab 1The levels of SCF in FF and in serum during Opu (略)
2.2超促排卵药物作用前后血清SCF水平变化按反应类型,各组患者用药前的血清SCF水平接近,用药后各组SCF水平相差甚微,差异无显著性(P &>0.05).用药后的血清SCF水平与用药前相比,差异亦没有显著性(P &>0.05,Tab 2).
3讨论
卵泡液由血浆渗出物和卵巢局部分泌物如氨基多糖和类固醇激素等组成.由于卵巢血管并未穿过卵泡基膜,所以卵泡液直接提供了颗粒细胞和卵子的生存环境,同时卵泡液的成分反映卵泡激素合成的情况以及卵子成熟、排卵和黄体化等过程[1].SCF主要由肥大细胞产生,胎盘及胚胎组织亦可少量产生.卵巢组织能否产生SCF尚不完全清楚.目前报道,在大鼠,SCF受体KIT和SCF分别由ckit和Mgf基因编码,ckit基因变异(WLacZ)影响KIT和SCF蛋白的表达,从而导致颗粒细胞和/或含有卵母细胞的窦前卵泡发生改变[10].正常卵泡发育中,SCF基因的表达不断受到调节,ckit基因始终表达完整[11,12].采用RTPCR方法发现人类卵巢内颗粒细胞、卵泡膜细胞及间质细胞都有SCF的表达[8,13].基因的研究证实了卵巢组织内确实存在产生SCF的物质基础.本研究发现,取卵时血清SCF水平与超促排卵前血清水平相近,而卵泡液中SCF水平显著高于同期血清水平,说明人卵泡液中存在SCF,卵泡液中SCF可能来自于卵泡本身,而非血浆渗透.
表2超促排卵前后血清中SCF水平的变化(略)
Tab 2The levels of SCF in serum before and after superovulation(略)
动物实验表明,SCF对诱导原始卵泡发育和启动原始卵泡增殖是必要的,从卵泡发育一开始SCF就发挥积极的促进作用,并伴随着卵泡发育的整个过程[11].Smikle等[7]研究表明SCF在胚胎移植后获得成功妊娠IVFET患者的卵泡液中浓度高于未妊娠者,提示SCF存在于卵泡液中并可能调节人类卵母细胞生长或卵泡细胞发育.较高水平的SCF能够诱导多个原始卵泡增殖发育,促使含有卵母细胞的窦前卵泡发育的数目增多,KIT/SCF相互作用对窦状卵泡的类固醇激素生成及调节卵母细胞发育非常重要[14].SCF刺激卵泡膜细胞生长,并促进卵泡内/外卵泡膜的形成,对未分化的间质干细胞转化为卵泡膜细胞募集在早期卵泡周围,增加早期卵泡周围卵泡膜细胞层数目有作用[15].本文实验结果,高、中反应型组卵泡液SCF水平明显高于低反应型组SCF水平而且卵泡液SCF水平与发育卵泡数之间有正相关关系,说明SCF在启动人原始卵泡及促进其生长发育方面也有积极作用.
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