关于血小板衍生生长因子受体在膀胱癌中的表达意义

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【关键词】 膀胱肿瘤
  关键词 :膀胱肿瘤;受体,血小板源生长因子;新生血管化,病理性;免疫组织化学
  
  摘 要:目的 探讨血小板衍生生长因子受体(PDGFR)表达与膀胱移行上皮细胞癌发生、生物学行为及预后的关系. 方法 采用免疫组织化学技术――两步法检测68例膀胱移行细胞癌和10例正常膀胱组织PDGFR表达及膀胱癌组织中微血管密度(MVD). 结果 PDGFR阳性染色分布于癌细胞、间质、血管及炎症细胞的胞质及胞膜.膀胱癌组织PDGFR阳性率为83.8%,明显高于正常膀胱组织(30.0%,P&<0.01),膀胱癌组织中PDGFR阳性表达组的微血管密度(MVD)明显高于PDGFR阴性表达组(85±30vs36±15,P&<0.01). 结论 PDGFR表达与正常膀胱组织生长有关,过度表达与癌的形成、血管的形成及炎症细胞功能相关,未发现PDGFR表达与肿瘤分期、分级及预后相关.
  
  Keywords:bladder neoplasms;receptors,platelet-dervied growth factor;neovascularization,pathologic;im-munohistochemistry
  
  Abstract:AIM To study the relationship between expres-sion of platelet-derived growth factor receptor(PDGFR)and the genesis,biological behavior and prognosis of bladder transitional cell carcinoma.METHODS Expression of PDGFR and microvessel density(MVD)were investigated in68cases of transitional cell carcinoma in bladder and10cases of normal bladder tissues with immunohistochemical
technique according to the procedures of classical two-steps.RESULTS It was revealed that the PDGFR positive staining rate in tumor tissues(83.8%,57/68)was significantly higher(P&<0.01)than that in normal tissues(30%,3/10);the pos-itive staining was confined to the cytoplasms and membranes of epithelial,interstitial,vascular smooth muscle and inflam-matory cells.MVD was higher in the positive expression of PDGFR than in the negative patients(85±30vs36±15,P&<0.01).CONCLUSION Expression of PDGFR is related to the growth of the normal bladder tissues,but the increased expression of PDGFR is associated with malignant transfor-mation and development of bladder carcinoma,angiogenesis in the bladder cancer and the function of inflammatory cells.There might be no significant correlation between expression of PDGFR and tumor grade,stage and prognosis.
  
  0 引言
  
  血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)是细胞生存微环境中的重要一员[1-3] .研究表明,其受体(PDGFR)表达失调可导致细胞增殖及恶变[4-7] .PDGFR在膀胱肿瘤表达的研究较少且关系尚未明确.我们采用免疫组织化学技术――两步法,在检测膀胱移行上皮细胞癌组织中PDGFR表达的同时用VWF一抗检测肿瘤的微血管密度(MVD),探讨PDGFR表达与膀胱移行细胞癌发生、生物学行为及预后的关系.
  
  1 材料和方法
  
  1.1 材料
  1988/1993我院经病理证实的膀胱移行细胞癌石蜡包埋标本68例,均有完整的5a随访资料.其中男49例,女19例,年龄25~82(平均60.2)岁.临床病理与分期按UICC标准:Tis~T1 36例,T2 ~T 4 32例.按WHO肿瘤分级:Ⅰ级16例,Ⅱ级29例;Ⅲ级23例;复发、死亡43例(死亡26例,17例复发存活).另取10例正常膀胱组织作对照.常规切片厚度4μm.兔抗人PDGFR多克隆抗体由Santa Cruz公司提供,工作浓度1∶100.鼠抗人VWF mAb由Dako公司提供,工作浓度1∶200.抗兔、鼠二抗(Dako Envision TM +system,HRP R )由Dako公司提供. 1.2 方法 用免疫组织化学两步法.作4μm厚连续组织切片4张,分别做PDGFR,VWF免疫组化,空白对照和HE染色.常规脱蜡至水,30mL・L-1 h3 O2 封闭30min,1g・L-1 胰蛋白酶消化30min,滴加一抗4℃过夜,37℃孵育1h,PBS液震洗后滴加二抗并37℃孵育30min,DAB显色,苏木素复染、脱水、二甲苯透明,封固阅片.用已知阳性的肾细胞癌切片作阳性对照,用PBS液代替一抗做空白对照.PDGFR表达的判定:细胞着黄色或棕黄色呈颗粒或线网状为阳性细胞.在×400倍视野下每张切片随机观察10个视野,将切片中平均阳性细胞比例及染色深浅分别记0~3分.切片中无阳性细胞为0分,阳性细胞占总细胞数&<25%记1分,25%~50%记2分,&>50%记3分;染色深度以多数细胞为准,无阳性细胞记0分,显色为黄色记1分,显色棕黄色记2分,显色棕褐色记3分;再按这两项指标的总积分将结果分成4级:0分为-,1~2分为+,3~4分为,5~6分为,其中,为强阳性表达.
  微血管密度的计数:按Weidner法[8] 在低倍镜下找到肿瘤组织的微血管区(呈阳性染色的内皮细胞),再在高倍镜(20×10)观察单位面积癌组织的微血管数量,以5个高倍视野微血管数的均数表示.
  统计学处理:结果采用χ2 检验,t检验及Spear-man秩相关分析.
  
  2 结果
  
  2.1 PDGFR阳性染色分布及染色结果
  细胞呈棕黄色颗粒状或线网状阳性染色分布于胞质、胞膜(Fig1).膀胱癌组中癌细胞、血管平滑肌、间质细胞及部分炎症细胞均有阳性细胞染色.正常膀胱组织中阳性染色多见于上皮细胞,其次为血管平滑肌细胞.膀胱癌组的PDGFR染色阳性率及强阳性率均明显高于正常膀胱组(P&<0.01和P&<0.05,Tab1).表1 膀胱癌组织中PDGFR染色结果(略)
  
   2.2 肿瘤分期分级与PDGFR表达的关系 PDGFR阳性染色与膀胱癌分期、分级间无相关,即癌组织中PDGFR表达并不随着肿瘤的分期、分级递增而递增(Tab2).表2 膀胱癌分期分级与PDGFR表达的关系(略)
  
  2.3 PDGFR表达与肿瘤微血管密度及膀胱癌预后的关系
  PDGFR表达与膀胱肿瘤组织MVD之间相关,即PDGFR阳性表达组肿瘤组织MVD(85±30,n=57)明显高于PDGFR阴性表达组(36±15,n=11,P&<0.01).膀胱移行上皮细胞癌68例中,PDGFR表达阳性57例,阴性11例,生存满5a者分别为32,6例,两组5a生存率无显著差异.PDGFR强阳性表达34例,弱表达或不表达34例,生存满5a者分别为20,18例,两组5a生存率亦无显著性差异.
  
  3 讨论
  
  血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)可来源于血小板、巨噬细胞、成纤维细胞等细胞,是重要的间叶组织细胞生长调节因子,与其受体结合后可激活与细胞增殖有关的酶及基因,并可调节细胞外基质的合成及分解[9-11] .Fudge等[12] 观察到PDGF-A链及PDGFR-α表达于前列腺癌上皮、基质细胞.Alpers等[13] 亦发现PDGFR可表达于Wilms肿瘤的上皮细胞.PDGF系统可调节多种正常组织的生长发育[14-17] .我们发现正常膀胱组织有30%具有PDGFR表达,提示PDGF系统可调控正常组织的生长及功能的维持.我们同时发现PDGFR表达于正常移行上皮细胞、膀胱癌细胞、血管平滑肌细胞及其他一些间质细胞,表明PDGF可调控膀胱组织多种细胞的生长及增殖.目前的研究发现PDGFR高表达与多种肿瘤生成密切相关.Sitaras等[18] 发现体外培养前列腺癌细胞株可以分泌PDGF,表达PDGFR.Michel等[19] 亦发现人类前列腺细胞恶性增殖受PDGF调节.Fudge等[12] 观察到PDGF及其受体的抗体可标记于前列腺癌细胞.Coltrera等[20] 和Fudge等[12] 检测到某些癌变组织中PDGFR表达明显高于相应的正常组织,并认为与癌变过程有关.我们的检测结果表明,膀胱癌组织PDGFR阳性表达率为83.8%,明显高于正常膀胱组织,提示PDGFR过度表达与膀胱癌的形成密切相关.PDGFR过度表达,可能受炎症细胞浸润释放细胞因子,其他生长因子的相互作用、致癌因素的作用、组织三维结构改变以及胞外基质成分的改变等因素的影响.

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