关于树突细胞免疫对HPV感染阳性角朊细胞生物学特性影响

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论文字数:**** 论文编号:lw202396675 日期:2025-03-12 来源:论文网
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       作者:严泉剑,张菊,闫小君,段杰,赵锦荣,张宇梅,苏成芝

【关键词】 树突细胞
  关键词 :树突细胞;乳头状瘤病毒,人;角蛋白细胞;细胞周期;T淋巴细胞,细胞毒
  
  摘 要:目的 观察树突细胞免疫对HPV感染阳性角朊细胞(HIPK)增殖特性的影响及诱发杀伤性T淋巴细胞(CTL)细胞毒活性的变化. 方法 用计数法绘制细胞生长曲线、流式细胞仪(FCM))检测DNA含量及细胞周期的变化,以观察HIPK增殖特性变化.同时用51 Cr释放法测定树突细胞免疫前后细胞毒性淋巴细胞(CTL)对HIPK的细胞毒作用. 结果 树突细胞免疫后,HIPK生长延缓,增殖幅度降低,倍增时间(Dt)延长,HIPK的Dt为24.7h,DCs细胞培养上清作用后HIPK的Dt为41.6h.FCM检测HIPK的G0/G1,S,G2/M各时相细胞百分比(%)分别为:57.6,28.5,13.9;DCs细胞培养上清作用组分别为61.7,20.3,11.2.两者增殖指数(PI)比较差异显著(P&<0.01).另外没有观察到HIPK凋亡,而DCs培养上清作用组却观察6.8%的凋亡率.
  
  51 Cr释放实验中,效-靶比为10∶1,5∶1,2∶1时,DCs治疗组CTL对HIPK杀伤率(%)分别为37.6,21.4,13.7;而对照组为5.6,2.9,1.6. 结论 树突细胞免疫后HIPK出现了一定的增殖抑制现象,同时诱导了CTL的杀伤作用.
  
  Keywords:dendritic cells;papillomavirus,human;ker-atinocyte;cell cycle;T-lymphocytes,cytotoxic
  
  Abstract:AIM To investigate the characteristic change of HPV infection positive keratinocytes(HIPK)in culture after dendritic cell immunization.METHODS By comparing the difference of the growth curve with cytometre assay,DNA content and cell cycle of HIPK with flow cytometre(FCM)assay,we studied the growth characteristic distinctness of HIPK cultured with the supernatant of dendritic cell and the cytotoxicity alteration of the cytotoxic lymphocyte(CTL)to HIPK was evaluated with
51 Cr release assay.RESULTS Af-ter dendritic cell immunization,the HIPK proliferation was lagged,The double proliferation time(Dt)of HIPK was24.7h,and the Dt of HIPK treated with supernatant of DCs was41.6h.With FCM assay,the percentage(%)of the cells at distinct stage G0/G1,S,G2/M phase of HIPK was57.6,28.5,13.9while the percentage of HIPK cultured with the supertant of DCs was61.7,20.3,11.2respectively.The pro-liferation indexes of them were significantly different(P&<0.01,χ2 test).When effect/target ratios were10:1,5:1,2:1,the cytotoxicity rates( 51 Cr release rate/%)of DCs treated group were37.6,21.4,13.7respectively,while those of con-trol group were5.6,2.9,1.6respectively with 51 Cr release assay.The significant differences between them(P&<0.01)were evaluated byχ2 test.The apoptosis was found only in HIPK treated with supernatant of DCs,whose apoptotic per-centage was6.8%assayed with FCM.CONCLUSION Den-dritic cell immunization can restrain proliferation of HIPK as well as killing it by activated CTL.
  
  0 引言
  树突细胞(DCs)是已知的体内功能最强的专职抗原递呈细胞,对于外源性抗原能通过所谓cross-priming的机制诱导出MHCⅠ类限制性的CD8+ CTL.目前用肿瘤抗原肽、肿瘤细胞裂解物、肿瘤细胞RNA体外冲击DCs或将TAA基因转移到DCs内,有效诱导活化特异性的CTL均被认为是颇有前途的肿瘤治疗方案[1-3] .人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)是一种常常感染复层上皮细胞并引起乳头瘤样改变及良恶性肿瘤的小DNA病毒.传统的治疗方法效果差,复发率高,主要与感染HPV患者不能产生有效的细胞免疫有关[4] .树突细胞免疫治疗HPV感染引起的尖锐湿疣,效果较好,因而也是一种颇有前途的治疗方法[5] .我们观察了树突细胞免疫对HIPK增殖特性的影响及诱导杀伤性T淋巴细胞(CTL)细胞毒活性的变化.
  1 材料和方法
  
  1.1 材料
  HPV感染阳性角朊细胞、正常角朊细胞系为本所培养.树突细胞按文献[6] 获取.实验组效应细胞为HPV感染阳性角朊细胞提纯抗原冲击人外周血树突细胞后,免疫病人4wk后所得外周血细胞毒性CD8+ T淋巴细胞.对照组则未行免疫治疗.培养条件为50mL・L-1 CO2 ,37℃.培养基为RPMI1640培养液含100mL・L-1 小牛血清和抗菌素(青霉素0.1u・L-1 ,链霉素0.1u・L-1 ).
  
  1.2 方法
  ①生长曲线测定:采用细胞计数法[7] .将HIPK以5×104 /孔的密度接种24孔板,分8组,每组3个复孔,培养12d,每3d换液1次,其中一组每次换液时加入HPV抗原刺激DCs24h培养上清0.5mL.第4日开始计数,每日检测一组,根据原始数据绘制细胞生长曲线,计算倍增时间.②细胞周期的测定:收集细胞,PBS洗涤两次,700mL.L-1 乙醇固定,加入DNA-Prep stain染液500μL染色DNA20min,ELITE ESP型流式细胞仪(FCM)测定每个细胞的荧光强度,每份标本检测10000个细胞,用DNA MultiCycle软件进行统计学拟合分析.③CTL的杀伤活性检测用51 Cr释放法测定树突细胞免疫前后细胞毒性淋巴细胞(CTL)对HIPK的细胞毒作用[8] .于96孔培养板中加入不同的效应细胞和靶细胞比例10∶1,5∶1,2∶1(每种比例重复3孔).特异性51 Cr释放率按如下公式计算:[(a-b)/)(c-b)]×100,a是效应细胞作用后靶细胞上清的放射活性,b是自发释放放射活性,c是最大释放放射活性.
  
  统计学处理:应用METLAB,SPSS及EPI6软件进行统计学分析.
  
  2 结果
  
  2.1 细胞生长曲线及倍增时间
  以培养4~12d的细胞数作图,绘制出细胞生长曲线.DC细胞培养上清作用下细胞生长曲线上升较缓,生长率明显低于对照HIPK,HIPK倍增时间为24.7h,DC细胞培养上清作用后HIPK倍增时间为41.6h,HIPK细胞生长数量明显减少,速度减慢(Fig1).
  
  2.2 树突细胞免疫对HIPK细胞周期及CTL的影响
  FCM检测树突细胞免疫前后HIPK细胞的DNA含量,经计算机处理,得出G0/G1,S,G2/M各时相细胞百分比(%).对照组HIPK分别为:0.58,0.28,0.14;DC细胞培养上清组分别为0.62,0.24,0.14.两者PI比较差异显著(P&<0.01vs Con-trol)照组HIPK没有观察到凋亡,而DC细胞培养上清作用组却观察6.8%的凋亡率.,DC治疗前后 CTL活性有明显差别(Fig2(略)).
  
  3 讨论
  
  在某些情况下,由于CTL关键表位的改变,多肽抗原与MHC的结合受表位的突变,多肽抗原与MHC的结合受到抑制,或TCR的识别过程受到影响,则可能影响免疫应答过程而导致病毒逃避现象的产生[9-11] .抗原呈递过程中,病毒编码蛋白所引起免疫逃避的有以下几个主要方面.①抗原呈递过程中的病毒免疫逃避.在依靠MHCⅠ类分子限制的CD8+ 细胞毒T细胞来清除被病毒感染的细胞这一过程中,病毒编码了一些蛋白产物影响抗原呈递过程的各个环节(如蛋白酶降解作用[12,13] 、抗原多肽的运输14,15] 、MHCⅠ类分子的形成[16-19] 等),从而逃避免疫系统的清除.②胞内途径中的病毒免疫逃避:MHCⅡ类分子限制的抗原呈递多与胞内途径相关联.病毒某些基因编码蛋白能直接或通过控制细胞因子的产生而控制胞内途径.结晶结构分析表明,EB病毒基因BCRF1编码的病毒IL-10(vIL-10),能阻止抗原多肽结合的MHCⅡ类分子在感染细胞表面的显现[20] ,也能降低TAP1在B细胞中的表达,从而减少B细胞表面MHCⅠ类分子的数量[21] .另外,在胞内途径中,AT-1即TGN特异的包涵体连接体,主要介导跨高尔基体网和胞膜的蛋白分选[22] .MHCⅡ类分子和抗原多肽在胞内途径的分选,都是由AP-1或AP-2介导的,牛乳头瘤病毒(BPV)编码的E6蛋白,能够影响AP-1介导的MHCⅡ类分子分选入胞内途径

转贴于 [23] .有证据表明HPV16E6/E7基因,因缺乏能够提呈E6/E7基因编码抗原特定的MHC-Ⅰ类分子的特定序列TAP-1分子[24] ,使得HPV16E6/E7蛋白在宿主体内不被提呈而逃脱了宿主的免疫监视.尖锐湿疣治愈率低及易复发原因多数为HIPK细胞出现免疫逃避.DC免疫治疗尖锐湿疣就是获取患者外周血中的DC,利用合成的细胞因子及提纯的病毒抗原蛋白刺激其成熟,回输患者局部应用,此方法从多个环节打破了病毒免疫逃避的机制.本实验中观察到DC免疫治疗后,患者的CTL杀伤HIPK的能力明显增强,提示治疗过程中患者的DC抗原递呈能力得到了加强.
  
  DC本身可分泌各种细胞因子有效调节免疫[25] ,pDC2能产生8~63×107 ・L-1 的IFN[26] ,我们观察到DC分泌到上清中的物质能抑制HIPK的生长,使其倍增时间延长,诱导产生凋亡,推测为DC分泌IFN起作用.
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