纵观近年来#30340;中考英语试题,不难#21457;现大多数省、市对不定代词#20174;不同角度都做了考查。本人从#25945;数年, 认为不#23450;代词是英语教学中的难点,且贯穿#20110;教材中。很多考生对此#27169;棱两可,似是而非。鉴于#27492;,笔者仅从 中#32771;试题的考查范围中来谈一#19979;不定代词的运用。旨在对#32771;生有所裨益。
#65339;试题类型一]
1.I have three pens.One is red,____two are black.(’#65305;6河北)
A.another B.other
C.the other D.the others
2.I have two sisters.One is a farmer,____is a driver.(’96乌鲁木齐)
A.other B.others
C.the other D.another
解题指导:other#19982;another的用法
#65297;.共同点:
它们都有#21517;词和形容词的作用,#22312;句中都可作主语、宾语和定语。#20363;如:
①I have two pens.One is new,the other is old.(主)
②I have two photos here.You have seen one.Now I'll show you the other.(宾)
③Would you like to have another cup of tea?(定)
#65298;.不同点:
1)other的#22797;数是others,所有格#26159;other's或others',它可以与定冠#35789;the连用,即the other,指两个 中的“另一个”。还可#25509;复数名词,表示“其余的#8230;…”;the others是指一定#33539;围内的“其余的”;others 是泛指“其他的(人#25110;物)”,并没有一定的范围限制#12290;
2)other既可以修饰单数#21517;词,也可以修饰复#25968;名词:another指至少有#19977;个以上的“另一个”,它是由 an和other合并而成,可代替#25110;修饰单数可数名词,也可修#39280;复数可数名词,且#19981;与冠词连用。
注意:
A.有时在比较结构中#65292;要用other限定比较对象,#20351;意义更为明显。例如:
The room is bigger than any other room in the house.这个房间比房子里的其#23427;任何房间都大。
B#65294;某人或某物在与同类几人#25110;几事物进行比较时,应用“比较级#65291;than any other 单数名词#65295;any of the other 复数名词”形式。例如:
汤姆比他班#19978;的其他任何男孩都高。
【误】Tom is taller than any boy in his class.
【正】Tom is taller than any other boy in his class.
【正】Tom is taller than any of the other boys in his class.
(试题类型一答#26696;:1.C2.C)
#65339;试题类型二]
1.There is ____water left in the thermos.
Would you go and get some?#65288;’96河北)
A.little B.a little C.few D.a few
2.Jack has a few friends in China.(’9#65302;广东)
A.some B.any C.many D.much
3.There are several bottles on the desk.(’9#65302;天津)
A.a lot of B.many C.a few D.few
4.We had____people this year than we had last year.#65288;’94陕西)
A.little B.less C.few D.fewer
解#39064;指导:little#19982;a little,few与a few的用法
它们在句中都可作主语、宾#35821;或定语。作主语时,谓#35821;动词大多用复数形式。例如#65306;
①Few of them speak English.(主)
②I met few (or a few) of my friends in the park.(宾#65289;
③I have a few friends besides you.(定)
2.little与a little用于代替#25110;修饰不可数名词;few与a few用于#20195;替或修饰可数名词。little和few表示 “不多,#20960;乎没有”,在意义上是#21542;定的,a little和a few表示“#34429;少但还有一些”,在意义上是肯定#30340;。
注意:
A.a little 可用#26469;修饰形容词、动词或形容#35789;(副词)的比较级。例如:
It's a little cold today.
This is a little better than that.
Will you please speak up a little so that everybody will hear you?(a little 修饰动词speak)
B.在句中出现few或little时,变#21453;意疑问句时应注意,后面的#38468;加问句应用肯定形式。例如:
There is little water in the bottle,is there?
C.Not a few=quite a few(或many)
not a little=much 例如:
There are not a few people in the room.#25151;间里有很多人。
There is not a little time left.还剩下挺多时间。
not a little 用作状语是“很”的#24847;思
He is not a little tired.#20182;很累。
4.few和little都可用作形容词,它#20204;的比较级和最高级分别是fewer,fewest;less,least。
#65288;试题类型二答案:1.A 2.A 3.C 4.D)
[试题类型三]
1.I am____stronger than my sister.(’96宁#22799;)
A.very B.quite C.too D.much
2.Mary has six apples.Her brother has three.
She has____apples than he.(’96湖南)
A.few B.many C.more D.fewer
解题指导:many和much的用法
#65297;.共同点:
它们在句中都可作主语、#23486;语、定语。有时也#21487;作状语,主要用于否定句和疑问#21477;中。在肯定句中一般#29992; a lot of ,lots of,plenty of。例如:
①Many of us are from Shanxi.(#20027;)
②#8212;How many English books do you have?(定#65289;
—I don't have many.(宾)
③There is not much water there.(定)
④He has much to do so he can't play football.(宾)
2.不同点:
many#29992;来修饰或代替可数名词,而much用来修饰或代替不#21487;数名词。
注意:A.many作主语时,动词用复数,much作主语时,动词用单数。#20363;如:
Many of us know a little English.
Much has been said. 转#36148;于 免费论#25991;下载中心
B.much可用于形#23481;词、副词比较级之前,#32780;many不能。但如果many后修饰more,more代替或修饰可数#21517;词复 数时,前面#21482;能用many,而不#33021;用much。例如:
This classroom is much bigger than that one.
He has many more books than I have.
(试题类型三答#26696;:1.D 2.C)
[试题类型四]
1.Neither they nor she has vistied the village.
They____visited the village.She____visited the village____.(’96宁#22799;)(改为两个简单#21477;)
2.You don't like the same colours and I don't like them.____(’96湖南)
A.too B.also C.either D.neither
3.I asked Kate and Mary to come for a talk,but____of them came.(’9#65302;云南)
A.both B.either C.neither D.few
解题指导:neither和either的用法
1.共同点:
1#65289;它们都可用作主语、宾语和定语。
例如:①Neither of the books is good.#65288;主)
②He phoned neither of us yesterday.(宾)
③Neither way is correct.(#23450;)
④I don't think either of them is at home.(主#65289;
⑤Here are two knives.You can take either of them.(宾)
⑥There are shops on either side of the street.(定)
2)Neither和either作#23450;语时,其后的名词都用单数#12290;例如:
Neither book gives the answer.
There are tall buildings on either side of the road.
2.不同点:
neither是表示“两#37117;不”的否定说法,而either是表示“两人或两物中任何#19968;个”的肯定说法。
注意:
A.either作为副词表示“也”#65292;不同于too,also,either通常用于#21542;定句的末尾,too通常#29992;于肯定句的句 末;而also通常用于肯定句和疑问#21477;中,其位置一般用在to be之后,其它#21160;词之前。如:
①Tom has been to Beijing.Mary has been to Beijing____(96江西)
A.neither B.either C.too D.also
此题应选C#12290;
②She is also a teacher.
③She also likes singing.
④I can't speak French.My sister can't speak French,either.
B.neither作为副词表示“也不”#65292;常常用于倒装句的开头,#32039;跟在一个否定句后面(当#28982;nor也可以这么 用)。那么,如果是肯#23450;句呢?我们要用so,依然是#20498;装语句。例如:
I can't sing an English song.Neither can he.
I can sing an English song.So can he.
还#24212;注意neither和so后#38754;的助动词和情态动词其后的主语#22312;人称、时态方面保持一#33268;。
C.neither和either在句中作主#35821;时,谓语动词必须用单数形式。#22914;:
Neither of them knows Japanese.
Either of them knows English.
D.neither本身#34920;示否定,其后不能再用否定#24335;。如:
两个答案都不对。
【误】Neither answer isn't right.
【正】Neither answer is right.
E.either#19982;not连用表示“两者#37117;不”,此时相当于neither。如:
I don't want either of them=I want neither of them.我两个都#19981;想要。
(试题类型#22235;答案:1.haven't;hasn't,either 2.C 3.C)
[试题类型五]
1.There isn't____in today's newspaper.(’96河#21335;)
A.anything interesting
B.something interesting
C.nothing interesting
D.interesting anything
2.—Haven't you forgotten____?(’96云南)
—____?Oh.I forgot my bag.
A.anything...Excuse me
B.something...Excuse me
C.something...Pardon
D.everything...Pardon
3.Hello,John!Come here please.I have____to tell you.
A.important something
B.something important
C.important anything
D.important nothing#65288;’96甘肃)
4.Are there____students in the classroom?(’#65305;6乌鲁木齐)
A.any B.some C./ D.the
5."Mum,Ann's coming tonight.Let's give her____to eat.""Good idea!"(’96#27743;西)
A.anything nice B.nice anything
C.something nice D.nice something
解#39064;指导:some,something,any,anything的用法
首先,some多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句、疑问#21477;或条件从句,在句中#21487;作主语、宾语或定#35821;。例如:
①Some are reading,others are writing.(主)
②I have some questions to ask.(#23450;)
③—Have you any French book?(#23450;)
#8212;Yes,I have some.(宾)
其次,some和any皆可修饰可#25968;名词和不可数名词。
something/anything与some/any的#29992;法类似。
注#24847;:
A.有些疑问句表示#35831;求、建议时多用some,而#19981;用any。例如:
Will you please give me some paper?
Why don't you buy some bananas?
B.复合#19981;定代词一般不用作定语,可作#20027;语、宾语或表语。如:
Everyone is here.
Something is wrong with your bike.
Have you anything to say?
That's nothing.
C.复合不定代词被定#35821;所修饰时,定语则往往放#22312;它们的后面。例如:
There is nothing wrong with the machine.
Is there anything important in today's newspaper?
D.复合不#23450;代词都表示单数概#24565;,谓语应用单数形式。例如:
Nobody is absent.
Is anything wrong with your watch?
(试题类型五#31572;案:1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C)
[试题类型六]
1.All the____are ready to run(run).(’9#65302;云南)
2.Of all the____(play) who do you like best?(’96山西)
解题指导:all的用法
1.all用来指三个或三个#20197;上的人或物(指两个人或事#29289;应用both),它在句#20013;可做主语、表语、宾语、#21516; 位语或定语#12290;当它用作定语时,#22823;多数情况下修饰复数名词,#24403;然也可以修饰不可数名词。#20363;如:
All the teachers were having a meeting when I came in.
That's all for today.
2.all与#29289;主代词、指示代词#21450;定冠词连用时,往往放在它们的前#38754;。如:
All my books are on the table.
Are all the things in the car now?
注意:
A.当all作主语时,表示“#25972;体事物”,其后谓语动#35789;应用单数,表示“所#26377;的人或物”,用复数。例如:
All is ready.
All are welcome.
B.all的对应词#20026;none;both的对应词为neither,当#23427;们作主语时应注意谓语动词的#21333;复数变化。例如:
Both of them were late for school.
Neither of them was late for school.
C.all,both与not连用时并不表示全#37096;否定,而表示部分否定。例如:
All the teachers do not live in this street.老师们并不是个#20010;都住在这条街上。
要#34920;示全部否定,要用#23427;们相对应的词。如:
None of the teacher live(s) in this street.
D.要注#24847;all与both#30340;位置,它们两个都用于#21160;词be之后;实义动词#20043;前。例如:
We are both teachers.
They both stand up.
They have all gone to Shanghai.
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中考试题与不定代词
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