作者:李习玲 连小华 张诚 杨恬
【关键词】 角质形成细胞
【Abstract】 AIM: To explore the expression of annexinⅡ in differentiation of human epidermal keratinocytes. METHODS: ① Normal human epidermal keratinocytes(NHEK)were cultured in serum and Ca2+ free keratinocyte growth medium (KGM). The proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes was regulated by changing Ca2+ concentration in medium and the expression of annexinⅡ was detected by immunocytochemistry (ICC). ② Immunohistochemistry was used to detect annexinⅡexpression in noenatal and adult epidermis. RESULTS: ①When Ca2+ concentration in medium was 0.07 mmol/L, annexinⅡ was expressed weakly and was located perinuclearly. When the calcium concentration was elevated to 1.5 mmol/L, the expression of annexinⅡ was still slight, but with a dramatic redistribution to the cellcell borders within 24 h after the calcium elevation. Within 48 h after the calcium elevation, annexinⅡ was seen both in cytoplasm and cell membrane and had a much strong expression. ② In sections of human normal skin, annexinⅡ was mainly localized in the superficial and more differentiated layers of the epidermis. CONCLUSION: AnnexinⅡ may be involved in regulating the differentiation of NHEK.
【Keywords】 annexinⅡ expression; epidermis; keratinocyte; cell differentiation
【摘要】 目的: 探讨annexinⅡ在正常人表皮角质形成细胞(normal human epidermal keratinocytes, NHEK)分化中的表达. 方法: ①体外培养NHEK,采用无血清无钙离子的角质形成细胞生长培养基(KGM),通过改变培养基中的钙离子浓度来调节NHEK的增殖和分化,采用免疫细胞化学(ICC)技术分别检测annexinⅡ在增殖和分化NHEK中的表达. ② 采用免疫组织化学(IHC)技术检测成人及新生儿表皮NHEK中annexinⅡ蛋白的表达. 结果: ①低钙(0.07 mmol/L)培养条件下,annexinⅡ呈弱阳性表达,且主要分布于核周. 高钙(1.5 mmol/L)条件下培养24 h后,annexinⅡ仍呈弱阳性表达,但表达的部位出现明显变化,主要分布于细胞间;48 h后,annexinⅡ于胞质及胞膜均呈强阳性表达. ② 人正常皮肤切片的IHC结果显示:annexinⅡ主要分布于基底上层的分化NHEK中. 结论: annexinⅡ可能参与人表皮NHEK分化的调控.
【关键词】 annexinⅡ表达;表皮;角质形成细胞;细胞分化
0引言
annexinⅡ是新近发现的纤维蛋白溶解酶原(PLG)和组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)的共受体,是Ca2+介导的具有高亲和力的磷脂结合蛋白,具有多种重要生理功能,如参与纤溶、细胞骨架活动、胞膜运输、细胞间的黏附,粘合素介导的细胞信号转导、病毒感染及细胞的增殖、迁移与分化等[1-4]. 本室实验结果显示,tPA与正常人表皮角质形成细胞(normal human epidermal keratinocytes, NHEK)的分化密切相关[5],为进一步了解其受体annexinⅡ在NHEK分化中的作用,我们一方面通过建立NHEK增殖和分化的体外培养模型,采用免疫细胞化学(ICC)技术分别检测annexinⅡ在增殖和分化NHEK中的表达;另一方面,选用成人及新生儿的皮肤作为研究对象,采用免疫组织化学(IHC)技术检测annexinⅡ蛋白的表达,以探讨annexinⅡ在人表皮NHEK分化中的作用.
1材料和方法
1.1材料细胞培养及组织切片的标本,均来自手术环切的成人及新生儿阴茎包皮.
1.2方法
1.2.1细胞培养将包皮用无菌生理盐水(含青链霉素50×104 u/L)清洗干净后,0.5 mL/L醋酸洗必泰溶液浸泡10 min,去除皮下脂肪,将皮肤剪成0.5 cm×1.0 cm小块,DHanks液(含青链霉素50×104 u/L)清洗3遍,置于2.5 g/L DispaseⅡ(Sigma)中,于4℃消化6 h,分离表皮和真皮,将分离所得的表皮置于2.5 g/L胰酶(Hyclone)中,于室温消化3 min,加入含150 mL/L胎牛血清(Hyclone)的DHanks液终止消化,吹打制备细胞悬液,1000 r离心10 min,弃上清,加入含0.07 mmol/L Ca2+的KGM(CC3158,Clonetics),混匀后按1×109/L接种,于37℃含50 mL/L CO2湿度为950 mL/L的培养箱进行培养. 当细胞长至70%~80%融合时,即可转至含1.5 mmol/L Ca2+的KGM[5,6].
1.2.2免疫细胞化学(ICC)方法抗K10 mAb(美国Neomarkers公司); 抗annexinⅡ mAb(American Diagnostic公司); SP试剂盒(北京中山公司产品). 具体步骤为:丙酮固定10 min,PBS洗3×3 min. 3 mL/L h3O2甲醇封闭15 min以阻断内源性过氧化物酶,PBS洗3×3 min. 正常羊血清封闭非特异性抗原15 min后,倾去血清,滴加一抗(K10为1∶100稀释,annexinⅡ为1∶500稀释),4℃放置过夜. PBS洗3×3 min,滴加生物素化二抗,37℃放置30 min. PBS洗3×3 min,滴加SP,37℃放置30 min. PBS洗3×3 min,AEC显色,水性封片剂封片,60℃烘烤30 min. K10用DAB显色. 以10 mmol/L PBS替代一抗作为阴性对照,苏木精复染.
1.2.3免疫组化(IHC)方法抗annexinⅡ mAb(American Diagnostic公司); SP试剂盒(北京中山公司). 具体步骤为:皮肤标本在40 g/L多聚甲醛中固定24 h后浸入300 g/L蔗糖脱水24 h,低温恒冷切片机切成6 μm厚切片,风干后丙酮固定10 min,PBS洗3×3 min. 10 mL/L h3O2甲醇封闭15 min以阻断内源性过氧化物酶,PBS洗3×3 min. 正常羊血清封闭非特异性抗原15 min后,倾去血清,滴加1∶500稀释的一抗,4℃放置过夜. PBS洗3×3 min,滴加生物素化二抗,37℃放置30 min. PBS洗3×3 min,滴加SP,37℃放置30 min. PBS洗3×3 min,DAB显色,梯度乙醇脱水,二甲苯透明. 以10 mmol/L PBS替代一抗作为阴性对照.
2结果
培养细胞的结果显示,低钙(0.07 mmol/L)条件下,培养的NHEK处于增殖状态,单层生长,细胞形态多角形呈铺路石样,细胞间的间隙清楚,分化标记物K10染色为阴性,annexinⅡ呈弱阳性表达,且主要分布于核周(Fig 1). 将培养基的钙离子浓度改变为1.5 mmol/L时,培养的NHEK于3~4 h后即出现变化,细胞间的间隙消失并逐渐出现分层. 培养24 h后,annexinⅡ仍呈弱阳性表达,但表达的部位出现明显变化,主要分布于细胞间及细胞膜上(Fig 2),未检测到K10的表达;培养48 h后,annexinⅡ于胞质及胞膜均呈强阳性表达(Fig 3),K10亦呈阳性表达. 成人(Fig 4A)及新生儿(Fig 4B)皮肤切片的IHC结果显示:annexinⅡ在表皮基底上层的分化NHEK中呈强烈的高表达,且主要分布于细胞膜. ICC和IHC的阴性对照分别为Fig 5, 6.
3讨论
AnnexinⅡ是Ca2+介导的具有高亲和力的磷脂结合蛋白,具有多种重要生理功能,如参与纤溶、细胞骨
架活动、胞膜运输、细胞间的黏附,粘合素介导的细胞信号转导、病毒感染及细胞的增殖、迁移与分化等[1-4]. Vellucci等[7]采用原代培养的人角质形成细胞(HKs)和表皮鳞癌细胞株(SqCCs),通过差减杂交实验发现,HKs内annexinⅡ的转录水平比SqCCs高2~20倍,并由此推断annexinⅡ与角质形成细胞的分化密切相关. 本研究显示,在用KGM培养NHEK时,低钙条件(0.07 mmol/L)下,NHEK处于增殖状态,annexinⅡ呈弱阳性表达,且主要分布于核周. 高钙条件(1.5 mmol/L)下,NHEK逐渐进入分化状态,培养24 h后,annexinⅡ仍呈弱阳性表达,但表达的部位出现明显变化,主要分布于细胞间;培养48 h后,annexinⅡ于胞质及胞膜均呈强阳性表达. 此外,成人及新生儿皮肤切片的IHC结果显示,annexinⅡ在表皮基底上层的分化NHEK中呈强烈的高表达,且主要分布于细胞膜. 这些结果均表明annexinⅡ与NHEK的分化相关.
然而,已有的研究发现,在表皮NHEK的增殖、分化、迁移功能活跃时,如胚胎期、创伤、病理条件(如银屑病、天疱疮、大疱性天疱疮等)下,均可检测到tPA的表达,但成人表皮NHEK内tPA的表达量极低,用常规技术方法难以检测[13-16]. 而annexinⅡ于成人及新生儿表皮基底上层的分化NHEK中却呈强烈的高表达. 此现象提示:annexinⅡ除在表皮NHEK增殖、分化、迁移功能活跃的“应激”条件下,作为tPA的受体,通过活化纤溶酶原为纤溶酶,降解胞外的基质来促进角质形成细胞的迁移和分层,而参与表皮NHEK的分化调控外[5,11],可能在调节正常表皮NHEK的分化中起着更为重要的作用. 体外培养条件下,在用高钙诱导NHEK分化的初期,annexinⅡ出现由核周向细胞间移位的现象,此过程可能在annexinⅡ参与NHEK的分化调控中起重要作用.
致谢杨珂、余谨.
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