关于吸氧预处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血损伤的保护作用

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论文字数:**** 论文编号:lw202397028 日期:2025-03-16 来源:论文网

       作者:张西京 熊利泽 胡文能 郑 玉 路志红

【关键词】 ,脑缺血
  关键词: 脑缺血;脑梗塞;缺血预处理;氧吸入疗法;大鼠
  摘 要:目的 研究吸入不同时间100%O2 能否诱导脑缺血耐受而对脑缺血再灌注损伤产生保护作用. 方法 63只SD大鼠随机分为7组(每组n=9):即A组(对照组)于缺血前24h吸空气24h;B,C和D组分别于缺血前24h连续吸100%O2 24,12和6h;E,F和G组分别连续吸100%O2 24,12和6h.A,B,C和D组于吸氧结束后24h造成脑缺血;E组于吸氧后即刻造成脑缺血模型;F组间隔12h;G组间隔18h后造成脑缺血.局灶性脑缺血模型采用3-0尼龙线线栓法栓塞大脑中动脉,2h后拔出尼龙线使血液再灌注.脑缺血2h和再灌注后24h行脑功能障碍评分,并处死动物取大脑行TTC染色测量脑梗死容积. 结果 B组的脑功能障碍评分与A组相比显著降低(P&<0.05),C,D,E,F和G组与A组相比无显著性差异;脑梗死容积B组(104.8±62.1)mm3 显著小于A组(199.0±69.6)mm3 (P&<0.01).吸100%O2 12h及6h组及吸100%O2 24h后即刻造成脑缺血组与对照组相比其脑梗死容积无明显差异. 结论 本实验首次证实连续吸100%O2 24h且间隔一定时间后能模拟缺血预处理对大鼠短暂性脑缺血产生保护作用.
  
  Keywords:brain ischemia;cerebral infarction;tolerance;oxygen inhalation therapy;rats
  
  Abstract:AIM To determine if100%oxygen inhalation in-duces ischemic tolerance in focal cerebral ischemia in rats.METHODS Sixty-three male SD rats were randomly allo-cated to7groups(n=9in each group):Group A(control group),the animals inhaling room air for24h;Groups B,C and D,the animals inhaling100%oxygen for24h,12h and6h respectively;Group E,the animals inhaling100%oxy-gen for24h;Group F,the animals inhaling100%oxygen for12h;Group G inhaling100%oxygen for6h.All the rats of Groups A,B,C and D,24h after inhaling oxygen or room air were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO).All the rats of Group E,after inhaling oxygen at once were subjected to MCAO.All the rats of Group F,12h after inhaling oxygen were subjected to MCAO;Group G18h after inhaling oxygen all rats subjected to MCAO.The MCAO(120min)was induced by introducing a3-0nylon monofilament suture through internal carotid artery based on the Koizumi technique.The neurologic outcome was evaluat-ed24h after the reperfusion.The infarct volume was then assessed by TTC staining.RESULTS In Group B,the neu-rologic outcome was better than the control group(P&<0.05).There were no significant differences in neurologic outcome between Groups C,D,E,F,G and A.The infarct volume of Group B was significantly less than that of the con-trol group(P&<0.01).There were no significant differences in infarct volume between other groups.CONCLUSION The present study was the first to demonstrate that precondi-tioning with100%oxygen inhalation for24h could mimic is-chemic preconditioning to induce ischemic tolerance in tran-sient MCAO rats.
  
  0 引言
  
  研究证实[1-5] ,内毒素、肿瘤坏死因子、白介素-1、氯化钾以及神经毒素―3-硝基丙酸(3-nitro-propi-onic acid)等可模拟缺血预处理诱导脑缺血耐受现象的产生.然而,由于这些物质的毒性及副作用,限制了其可能的临床应用.我们以前的研究发现,高压氧预处理可产生缺血耐受现象对脑和脊髓缺血性损伤产生保护作用[6-8] ,但高压氧预处理需高压氧仓等特殊设备使其临床应用受限.由于高压氧预处理的机制可能与其所产生的氧自由基有关[9] .因此我们设想长时间高浓度吸氧可能会产生类似高压氧预处理的效应.因此,我们利用短暂性局灶性脑缺血大鼠模型,观察吸氧预处理对脑缺血损伤的保护作用.
  
  1 材料和方法
  
  1.1 材料 63只SD雄性大鼠,体质量280~330g,由第四军医大学实验动物中心提供.随机将动物分为7组(n=9):A组即对照组,动物在缺血24h前吸空气24h;B组连续吸100%O2 24h间隔24h后脑缺血;C组连续吸100%O2 12h间隔24h后脑缺血和D组连续吸100%O2 6h间隔24h后脑缺血;E组连续吸100%O2 24h即刻脑缺血;F组连续吸100%O2 12h间隔12h后脑缺血;G组连续吸100%O2 6h间隔18h后脑缺血.
  1.2 方法
  
  1.2.1 吸氧预处理 A组吸空气,B,C,D,E,F和G组大鼠分别置于密闭容器内,容器内放置钠石灰吸收CO2 ,输入100%O2 ,用麻醉气体分析仪(Ohmeda,Danmark)监测氧浓度达100%开始计时.B,E组吸24h;C,F组吸12h;D,G组吸6h.
  
  1.2.2 局灶性脑缺血模型 A,B,C和D组动物吸空气或100%O2 结束后24h,E,F及G组动物吸100%O2 结束后分别于0,12和18h制作大鼠脑缺血模型.模型采用颈内动脉尼龙线(3-0)线栓法,根据Koizumi等[10] 方法,参考Tatlisumak等[11] 及我们以前的报道[12,13] .即将动物置于一半密闭容器中,吸40mL L-1 异氟烷(氧流量4L min-1 )诱导麻醉(1~2min)后,将动物取出固定于手术台上,经面罩吸20mL L
-1 异氟烷(氧流量2L min-1 )维持术中麻醉深度,保留自主呼吸.取颈正中切口,暴露右侧颈总动脉,颈外动脉及颈内动脉;结扎颈总动脉、颈外动脉;于颈总动脉分叉下方剪一切口,将一预先用乙醇灯烧成圆头的尼龙线(3-0,Ethicon Inc,Japan)置入颈内动脉17~18mm,直到有轻微阻力感为止.手术时间15~20min,术毕1min内动物基本清醒,恢复活动.右侧大脑中动脉(MCA)阻闭120min后再次用异氟烷快速麻醉动物,抽出尼龙线,恢复再灌注.术中保留自主呼吸,体温由肛温探头连接多功能监测仪(Spacelab,USA)监测,并用烤灯维持在37.0~37.5℃.
  
  1.2.3 动物恢复及神经行为学评估 麻醉苏醒后,将动物放回鼠笼,自由饮食.分别于阻闭右侧大脑中动脉120min及再灌注后24h,由一不了解分组情况 的观察者评估并记录神经行为学评分,方法参考Minematsu等[14] 和Zdemir等[15] 根据Zea等[16] 和Belayev等[17] 的改良方法,即6级评分法:0级,无功能障碍;1级,不能伸展左侧前肢;2级,向左侧旋转;3级,向左侧倾倒;4级,无自主活动伴意识抑制;5级,死亡.
  1.2.4 脑梗死灶测量 24h神经行为学评分完成后,动物用异氟烷深麻醉后断头处死,完整取出鼠脑,置于冰盐水中10min,取冠状面均匀切成2mm厚脑片,共6片,迅速放入20g L-1 TTC溶液(37℃)中染色30min,然后用10g L-1 甲醛缓冲液固定.24h后,用数码相机(Kodak,DC240,USA)拍照,输入计算机,用图像处理软件(Adobe,Photoshop5.0)计算梗死面积,粉红色区为正常脑组织,白色区为梗死区,各脑片梗死面积之和乘以厚度(2mm)为总的梗死容积.统计学处理:数值用x ±s表示.梗死容积用单因素方差分析方法(ANOVA)统计.神经功能学评分用Kruskal-Wallis方法行Mann-Whitney U检验.P&<0.05表示统计学差异明显.
  
  2 结果
  
  2.1 神经功能改变 术后动物均存活,动物处死取脑时发现有蛛网膜下腔出血等异常情况者不参与统计.再灌注12h之内动物均表现一定神经功能障碍,但B组较A,C,D,E,F和G组轻,24h神经功能障碍评分B组明显低于A组(P&<0.05),C组、D组、E组、F组和G组与A组相比无差别(Tab1).
  
  表1 各组动物神经功能障碍评分 略
  
  2.2 脑梗死容积 吸氧24h后间隔24h造成脑缺血组大鼠脑梗死容积明显小于对照组(P&<0.01),而脑缺血前24h吸氧12h组和6h组以及吸氧24h后即刻脑缺血组、脑缺血前12h和18h分别吸氧12h和6h组脑梗死容积与对照组相比无明显差异(Fig1).
  
  图1 略
  
  3 讨论
  
  本研究首次发现连续吸100%O2 24h且间隔24h能模拟缺血预处理对大鼠短暂性脑缺血产生保护作用,连续吸12h,6h无脑缺血保护作用,而连续吸24h即刻造成脑缺血亦无脑保护作用.

  短暂的脑缺血可对随后的脑缺血损伤产生保护作用[18] ,但是要在一个可能发生的脑缺血前给予一次非致死性缺血在临床上难以实施.一些化学药物已被研究证实可诱导脑缺血耐受具有预处理效应[1-5] ,但这些物质的毒副作用限制了其临床应用.因此,寻找临床可以接受的方法是目前研究的方向.Wada等[19] 研究显示重复给予一定次数高压氧预处理,可诱导沙土鼠海马CA1区神经细胞对脑缺血产生耐受.我们实验室也证实高压氧预处理可诱导脑缺血耐受的产生[6,7] .虽然高压氧预处理能产生良好的预处理效果[6,7] ,但由于需特殊设备(高压氧仓),限制了其临床广泛应用.由于高压氧预处理产生预处理效果和其产生的氧自由基有关,而长时间吸高浓度氧也可产生一定的氧自由基[8] .因此,我们设计了本实验.
  
  我们用MCAO大鼠模型,对连续吸24,12和6h,吸氧后间隔一定时间(24h)的大鼠进行观察,发现连续吸24h并间隔24h可产生脑保护作用.而吸氧24h后无间隔、吸氧12h和6h同对照组相比无明显差异,即不能减少脑梗死容积无脑保护作用.说明吸氧需要一定的时间才能诱导脑缺血耐受的产生和减轻神经功能障碍,并且吸氧后产生预处理效应需间隔一定时间.这也和脑缺血预处理24h后产生缺血耐受 的报告相符合[20] .而12h和6h吸氧可能不产生氧自由基或产生的氧自由基不足以产生缺血耐受作用.
  
  本研究结果具有潜在的临床应用价值.在颅内动脉瘤手术中有时需夹闭大脑中动脉可能会引起脑缺血损伤[21] ,如这类患者术前给予吸氧预处理将可能会减轻脑缺血损伤.当然,具体吸氧预处理的方案及临床实际应用的可行性尚待进一步研究.
  

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