关于血小板源性生长因子对人视网膜色素上皮细胞的作用

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论文字数:**** 论文编号:lw202396532 日期:2025-03-11 来源:论文网
作者:司艳芳 惠延年 韩泉洪 杜红俊


【关键词】 生长因子
  关键词: 生长因子,血小板源性;人视网膜色素上皮细胞;增殖;移行
  
  摘 要:目的 观察血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)对人视网膜色素上皮细胞(hRPE)增殖和移行能力的影响. 方法 将体外培养的第4~6代人视网膜色素上皮细胞分为DMEM组(改良型Eagle培养液)和含有20mL・L-1 小牛血清的DMEM组(20g・L-1 DMEM),每组分别加入不同浓度(0.1,1,5,10,50和100μg・L-1 )的PDGF,然后采用MTT比色法观察分析其对hRPE的增殖作用;应用hRPE损伤模型,计数进入缺损区的细胞,定量观察PDGF对hRPE移行的影响. 结果 ①增殖作用:0.1~100μg・L-1 的PDGF均能促进hRPE的增殖,DMEM组10μg・L-1 时促增殖作用最明显,增殖率达153%;20g・L-1 DMEM组50~100μg・L-1 的增殖率为174%,作用最强.②移行作用:PDGF能够显著促进hRPE的移行,并呈剂量依赖性,50~100μg・L-1 时促移行能力最强,DMEM组移行率为510%,20mL・L-1 FBS+DMEM组达640%. 结论 PDGF能够促进hRPE的增殖和移行,有血清时可以加强这种作用,提示它在PVR的发病过程中可能发挥了重要作用.

  
  Keywords:platelet-derived growth factor;human retinal pig-ment epithelium cells;proliferation;migration
  
  Abstract:AIM To investigate the effects of platelet-derived growth factor on the proliferation and migration of cultured human retinal pigment epithelium cells(hRPE).METHODS Cultured hRPE of the4~6th passage were devided into two groups DMEM(Delbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium)and20mL・L-1 FCS+DMEM(20g・L-1 DMEM).PDGF(0.1~100μg・L-1 )was added to medium.RPE prolifera-tion was mesured by colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival(MTT assay)and Migration was assessed by us-ing an in vitro wound healing model in which a small area of a confluent monolayer of hRPE was denuded with a razor blade,the cultures were subsequently incubated with medi-um,migration was measured after24hours as the number of cells that had entered the denuded area.RESULTS ①Pro-liferation:PDGF stimulated the proliferation of hRPE.The maxium proliferation rate of RPE was153%at10μg・L-1 in DMEM and174%at50~100μg・L-1 in20g・L-1 DMEM.②Migration:PDGF also stimulated hRPE migration in a dose-dependent manner.At50~100μg・L-1 ,the maxium migration rate were510%and640%in DMEM and20g・L-1 DMEM.CONCLUSION PDGF stimulates hRPE prolif-eration and migration,the presence of serum can increase this effects,which imply that PDGF may play an important role in the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
  
  0 引言
  
  在增生性玻璃体视网膜病变患者的玻璃体和视网膜下液中已检测到明显增高的血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)[1] ,一些体外实验表明,培养的视网膜色素上皮细胞(hRPE)能够自分泌或旁分泌PDGF并表达其受体[2] .由于该因子对多种细胞有促有丝分裂活性和化学趋化性,而且参与创面愈合的全过程[3] ,我们采用体外培养的方法,观察PDGF对人视网膜色素上皮细胞(hRPE)增殖和移行能力的影响.
  
  1 材料和方法
  
  1.1 材料 Delbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium(DMEM,Gibco,USA),小牛血清(杭州四季青),胰酶(Gibco,USA),3-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐(MTT,Sigma,USA),人重组PDGF-BB(Sigma,USA),12孔、96孔培养板(NUNC,丹麦),丝裂霉素(Sigma,USA),二甲基亚砜(DMSO,Sigma,USA),Bio-Red550型酶联免疫检测仪(日本).
  
  1.2 方法 人RPE细胞由西京医院眼科王雨生副教授惠赠[4] 的四种不同来源的人视网膜色素上皮细胞,第4~6代用于实验.复苏与培养方法同王琳等[5] 报告.增殖实验以含100mL・L-1 小牛血清的DMEM将细胞浓度调整为2×107 ・L-1 ,接种于96孔板(200μL/孔),37℃,50mL・L-1 CO2 的孵箱中过夜,吸弃旧培养液,分成两组:DMEM和含20mL・L-1 小牛血清的DMEM(20g・L-1 DMEM).每组分别加入不同浓度的PDGF(0,0.1,1,10,50和100μg・L-1 ),每个浓度设6个复孔,培养72h后,加入MTT(20μL/孔,5g・L-1 ),继续培养4h,吸弃培养液,PBS冲洗2次.加入DMSO(150μL/孔),振荡10min,490nm波长测定其A值.实验重复3次.移行实验以100g・L-1 DMEM将细胞浓度调整为1×107 ・L-1 ,接种于12孔板(2mL/孔),37℃,50mL・L-1 CO2 的孵箱中孵育至融合状态.加入2g・L-1 的丝裂霉素作用1h.用剃须刀刮出一3mm×3mm的无细胞区,PBS冲洗3次后,分为DMEM和20g・L-1 DMEM组,分别加入不同浓度的PDGF(0,0.1,1,10,50和100μg・L-1 ),每个浓度设3个复孔,观察3d,每日计数进入缺损区的细胞数并测量其移行的距离.实验重复3次.
  
  统计学处理:将实验数据应用orign5.0统计软件包进行统计学处理.
  
  2 结果
  
  2.1 增殖实验 PDGF(0.1~100μg・L-1 )能刺激人RPE的增殖.在DMEM组,10μg・L-1 的PDGF促增殖作用最显著,增殖率为153%,20g・L-1 DMEM组,50~100μg・L-1 的刺激作用最强达到174%(Tab1).
  
  表1 PDGF对hRPE的增殖作用 略
  2.2 移行实验 0.1~100μg・L-1 的PDGF均能够促进hRPE的移行,并呈剂量依赖性:100μg・L-1 时促移行能力最强,DMEM组移行率为510%,20g・L-1 DMEM组达640%(Fig1~3).缺损区周围的细胞由于部分细胞的移行,细胞密度降低,细胞间距增加,而进入缺损区的细胞呈纤维细胞样改变:胞体呈狭长形,细胞间连接减少,细胞间隙增加(Fig4),促移行作用呈剂量依赖性(Fig5).
  
  3 讨论
  
  增生性玻璃体视网膜病变是孔源性视网膜脱离后的病理条件下RPE细胞离开原位,由静止状态移行到玻璃体腔或脱离的视网膜表面,随后发生增殖并形成牵拉膜的一种过度损伤修复反应[6] .在这一变化过程中,有多种细胞和细胞因子的参与,其中视网膜色素上皮细胞[7] 和血小板源性生长因子的分泌和调节失衡[8] 占有重要作用.近年来研究发现它在PVR患者的玻璃体内和视网膜下液中有过量表达[1] ,同时Robbins等[9] 证实位于PVR增生膜边缘的RPE表达PDGF及PDGF受体强阳性.Andrews等[10] 将表达PDGFR阴性的小鼠RPE注入兔玻璃体内不能诱发PVR,而注入PDGFR阳性的RPE则诱导PVR成功,说明PDGF在PVR的发病过程中起着关键性作用.  我们观察到PDGF在体外能够刺激人RPE的增殖和移行,培养液中含有血清时增强了这种作用,而且移行能力呈剂量依赖性,50~100μg・L-1 时,DMEM和20g・L-1 DMEM组移行率分别为510%和640%,且随时间延长进入缺损区的细胞数目增多、距离增加,细胞形态呈成纤维细胞样.PDGF的作用机制目前尚不清楚,可能PDGF和受体结合后,激活细胞内增殖、分裂、合成信号,从而启动细胞的有丝分裂和蛋白质合成[11] .一些移行实验发现PDGF的促移行作用发生在因子刺激10h以后,其mRNA及蛋白质的合成增加,而DNA含量无明显变化.秋水仙素能明显抑制这种作用[12] .也有报道PDGF作用1h即发生移行[13] .我们的结果与前者一致,移形在PDGF加入8~10h后发生,因此推测PDGF的促移行作用与其促进蛋白质的合成有关.Verstraeten等[14] 等通过观察纤维粘连蛋白,肌动蛋白,微管蛋白的改变,以及波形蛋白的重新分布,提出RPE移行可能是通过改变细胞骨架完成的.由于PDGF作用于细胞之后,使细胞处于“感受态”,再在其他因子和蛋白质作用下达到“进展态”,完成细胞的生命活动[15] ,所以当有血清存在时,其促增殖和移行能力均有所增强.
  图1 - 图5 略
  
  研究发现PDGF在玻璃体内的半衰期非常短,但当其与血浆内PDGF结合蛋白结合[16] ,就可以延长其作用时间,发挥局部调节功能.因此,当眼内血-视网膜屏障破坏,血液中的一些成分(PDGF,FN等)进入玻璃体腔,可能会促进和延长PDGF的作用效果,使PVR的发生率增加.PDGF能够增加RPE堆积胶原束的能力[17] ,促进细胞性纤维膜的收缩[18] .由于PDGF促增殖和移行的多重作用,联系PVR的病理变化过程:细胞移行-增殖-分泌细胞外基质-形成牵拉膜,可以看出PDGF在PVR的形成过程中发挥着重要作用.由此,PDGF参与了PVR的全部发病过程.所以,如果能够抑制PDGF的作用,就可能为临床上防治PVR提供一种新的途径.
  

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