印度传统药物在癌症治疗中的应用

　　 作者：Sunyana JAIN， Vikrant GILL， Neeru VASUDEVA， Neelam SINGLA

【关键词】 医学， 印度传统; 肿瘤; 植物药疗法

Cancer is one of the dreadful diseases of 20th century and moving vastly towards 21st century. According to the studies， world wide about 6 million new incidences are reported every year［1］. It is the second major cause of death after cardiovascular diseases［2］. Lung， colon， prostate and breast cancer account for more than half of the cancer deaths［3］. Nature has given us a variety of useful medications to cure number of diseases. The role of natural products as a source of remedies for diseases can be dated back to 1500 BC［4］. It has been estimated that 60% of the approved drugs used for treating cancer are derived from natural sources［5， 6］. After long folk practices， many Indian medicines have been screened and they are used for treating and preventing various chronic disorders like cardiovascular diseases and cancers［7］. Ayurvedic therapies were found to be able to cure these chronic diseases better， which were previously not amenable to Western medical practices［8］. Traditional Indian medicine with its evolution through centuries has always fascinated practitioners and researchers for its applications in cancer treatment on a scientifically proven research background. Ayurvedic system of medicine was well founded on the basic principles of nature and its elements after a careful and thorough study of human physiology. This is the first system to emphasize health as the perfect state of physical， psychological， social and spiritual component of a human being［9］. Herbal decoctions consisting of multiple herbs each possessing tremendous potential for a cancer cure are commonly used in Ayurveda. The benefit of a herbal decoction is that it can nourish the body as a whole by supporting various organ systems［10］.The aim of this article was to provide a general outline on descriptions of cancers and their management from an Ayurvedic practitioners’ perspective underlying its scientific principles involved in treating these conditions with the use of natural products. This review article was derived from previous scientific works， ancient books and interview conducted with Ayurvedic practitioner’s in Haryana， India.

　　1 Ayurvedic concepts of cancer

　　According to Ayurveda there are three bodycontrol systems: the nervous system (Vata or air)， the venous system (Pitta or fire)， and the arterial system (Kapha or water) which mutually coordinate to perform the normal function of the body. In benign neoplasm (Vataja， Pittaja or Kaphaja)， one or two of the three body systems are out of control and is not too harmful because the body is still trying to coordinate among these systems. Malignant tumors (Tridosaja) are very harmful because all the three major body systems lose mutual coordination and thus cannot prevent tissue damage， resulting in a deadly morbid condition［11］.

　　Charaka and Sushruta samhitas， two wellknown Ayurvedic classes， describe cancer as inflammatory or noninflammatory swelling and mention them as either Granthi (minor neoplasm) or Arbuda (major neoplasm). According to Sushruta， the fundamental cause of major neoplasm is the pathogens that affect all parts of the body.

　　2 Herbs in Ayurvedic to treat cancer

　　A number of herbs are commonly used in Ayurveda to treat cancer. These herbs along with their method of use are listed in Table 1.

　　Cancer in each person differs according to the person’s exposure to pathogens and genetic constitutions which make each of them to react differently to the same diet［12］.

　　Ayurveda says that in cancer the aura is disturbed， allowing negative astral forces to enter in body. Cancer may be caused by environmental pollution， junk food， lethargy， lack of spiritual purpose， suppressed emotions and stagnation， past life karma also plays a role in disease. Cancer can also be caused by imbalance of all the three doshas. Poor digestion allows for a build up of toxins in the body［13］.

　　Cancer originates due to a metabolic crisis， i.e. aggravation of vata forces and suppression of kapha forces， both interacting with one another resulting in proliferation［14］.

　　Table 1 (To be continued) List of herbs commonly used in Ayurveda to treat cancer（略）

　　Table 1 (Continuation) List of herbs commonly used in Ayurveda to treat cancer（略）

　　3 Conclusion

　　The clinical efficacy and extent of toxicity of numerous synthetic anticancer agents are unknown and uncertain. Ayurvedic practitioners and researchers in medical sciences can contribute for the development of more safe and effective anticancer drugs. It is no longer an option to ignore Ayurvedic drugs or treat them as something unconventional from regular medical practices. The challenge put before this medicine is to move forward carefully， using both reasoning and wisdom［33］. Future research on this topic would help to identify safe and effective anticancer drugs and their mechanism of action.

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